FORMULARS AND CALCULATIONS FOR DRILLING, PRODUCTION AND WORK-OVER

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Basic Formulas

1.      Pressure Gradient

2.      Hydrostatic Pressure

3.      Converting Pressure into Mud Weight

4.      Specific Gravity

5.      Equivalent Circulating Density

6.      Maximum Allowable Mud Weight

7.      Pump Output

8.      Annular Velocity

9.      Capacity Formula

10.   Control Drilling

11.   Buoyancy Factor 12. Hydrostatic Pressure Decrease POOH

12.   Loss of Overbalance Due to Falling Mud Level

13.   Formation Temperature

14.   Hydraulic Horsepower

15.   Drill Pipe/Drill Collar Calculations

16.   Pump Pressure/ Pump Stroke

17.   Relationship

18.   Cost Per Foot

19.   Temperature Conversion Formulas

Chapter 2 Basic Calculations

1.      Volumes and Strokes

2.      Slug Calculations

3.      Accumulator Capacity — Usable Volume Per Bottle

4.      Bulk Density of Cuttings (Using Mud Balance)

5.      Drill String Design (Limitations)

6.      Ton-Mile (TM) Calculations

7.      Cementing Calculations

8.      Weighted Cement Calculations

9.      Calculations for the Number of Sacks of Cement Required

10.   Calculations for the Number of Feet to Be Cemented

11.   Setting a Balanced Cement Plug

12.   Differential Hydrostatic Pressure Between Cement in the Annulus and

13.   Mud Inside the Casing

14.   Hydraulicing Casing

15.   Depth of a Washout

16.   Lost Returns — Loss of Overbalance

17.   Stuck Pipe Calculations

18.   Calculations Required for Spotting Pills

19.   Pressure Required to Break Circulation

Chapter 3 Drilling Fluids

1.      Increase Mud Weight

2.      Dilution

3.      Mixing Fluids of Different Densities

4.      Oil Based Mud Calculations

5.      Solids Analysis

6.      Solids Fractions

7.      Dilution of Mud System

8.      Displacement - Barrels of Water/Slurry Required

9.      Evaluation of Hydrocyclone

10.   Evaluation of Centrifuge

Chapter 4 Pressure Control

1.      Kill Sheets & Related Calculations

2.      Pre-recorded Information

3.      Kick Analysis

4.      Pressure Analysis

5.      Stripping/Snubbing Calculations

6.      Sub-sea Considerations

7.      Work-over Operations

Chapter 5 Engineering Calculations

1.      Bit Nozzle selection - Optimised Hydraulics

2.      Hydraulics Analysis

3.      Critical Annular Velocity & Critical Flow Rate

4.      “D” Exponent

5.      Cuttings Slip Velocity

6.      Surge & Swab Pressures

7.      Equivalent Circulating Density

8.      Fracture Gradient Determination - Surface Application

9.      Fracture Gradient Determination - Sub-sea Application

10.   Directional Drilling Calculations

11.   Miscellaneous Equations & Calculations

CHAPTER ONE

BASIC FORMULAS

1. Pressure Gradient

Pressure gradient, psi/ft, using mud weight, ppg

psi/ft = mud weight, ppg x 0.052                   Example: 12.0 ppg fluid

psi/ft = 12.0 ppg x 0.052

psi/ft = 0.624

Pressure gradient, psi/ft, using mud weight, lb/ft3

psi/ft = mud weight, lb/ft3 x 0.006944           Example: 100 lb/ft3 fluid

psi/ft = 100 lb/ft3 x 0.006944

psi/ft = 0.6944

OR

psi/ft = mud weight, lb/ft3 ÷ 144                    Example: 100 lb/ft3 fluid

psi/ft = 100 lb/ft3 ÷ 144

psi/ft = 0.6944

Pressure gradient, psi/ft, using mud weight, specific gravity (SG)

psi/ft = mud weight, SG x 0.433                    Example: 1.0 SG fluid

psi/ft = 1.0 SG x 0.433

psi/ft = 0.433

Convert pressure gradient, psi/ft, to mud weight, ppg

ppg = pressure gradient, psi/ft ÷ 0.052          Example: 0.4992 psi/ft

ppg = 0.4992 psi/ft : 0.052

ppg = 9.6

Convert pressure gradient, psi/ft, to mud weight, lb/ft3

lb/ft3 = pressure gradient, psi/ft ÷ 0.006944 Example: 0.6944 psi/ft

lb/ft3 = 0.6944 psi/ft ÷ 0.006944

lb/ft3 = 100

Convert pressure gradient, psi/ft, to mud weight, SG

SG = pressure gradient, psi/ft 0.433              Example: 0.433 psi/ft

SG 0.433 psi/ft ÷ 0.433

SG = 1.0

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